Canada has a well-established multi-jurisdictional regulatory framework for cryptocurrencies. Crypto exchanges are regulated as Money Services Businesses (MSBs) by FINTRAC at the federal level, while provincial securities regulators oversee crypto trading platforms. The Canadian Securities Administrators (CSA) require platforms dealing in securities to register as investment dealers or marketplaces. Canada was among the first countries to approve Bitcoin ETFs in 2021. The regulatory approach emphasizes investor protection, AML compliance, and market integrity. Provincial variations exist, with some provinces having more developed frameworks than others. Overall, Canada maintains a balanced approach supporting innovation while ensuring consumer protection.

Federal Oversight: FINTRAC (AML/CFT), CRA (taxation). Provincial: Securities regulators in each province. MSB Registration: Required for exchanges and service providers. Securities: Platforms dealing in securities must register with CSA. Taxation: Capital gains tax (50% of gains taxable); business income fully taxed. AML/CFT: Comprehensive requirements under PCMLTFA. ETFs: Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs approved and trading. Stablecoins: Regulatory approach under development. Consumer Protection: Strong disclosure and custody requirements. Banking: Banks permitted to offer crypto services with compliance.

https://www.fintrac-canafe.gc.ca/ | https://www.osc.ca/